| Allweddair Cymraeg |
Allweddair Saesneg |
Diffiniad Cymraeg |
Diffiniad Saesneg |
Rhifau llinell |
Gweler hefyd |
| alltud(iaeth) |
exile |
|
|
11.10 |
|
| ansefydlogrwydd / cythrwfl cymdeithasol |
unsettled times / social unrest |
yng nghyswllt rhyfel, cythrwfl cyffredinol neu lywodraeth ddrwg. |
in relation to war, general unrest or bad governance. |
8.I.1-11, 8.II.4-10, 8.III.1-14, 8.IV.1-13, 10.5-7 |
byd wyneb-i-waered |
| arfau |
weapons |
fel symbol o ryfel neu afreolaeth, yn aml |
often as a symbol of war or unrest |
|
brwydrau / rhyfel |
| arwyddion / rhyfeddodau |
signs / wonders |
|
|
9.I.2, 9. III.2 |
|
| brwydrau / rhyfel |
battles / warfare |
cysylltir y brwydro â lle penodol, arwyddocaol yn aml. |
often said to be at specific, significant places. |
8.I.4, 8.II.7, 8.III.9, 8.IV.9, 9.I.8-9, 9.III.8-9, 10.22-41, 11.9-13 |
arfau |
| Brythoniaid |
Britons |
cyfeiria fel arfer at y Cymry, neu bobl Llydaw weithiau, fel disgynyddion yr hen Frythoniaid; fe'u crybwyllir fel arfer yng nghyd-destun gormes neu waredigaeth/uchafiaeth. |
generally referring to the Welsh, or sometimes Breton, people, as descendants of the ancient Britons; often in context of either oppression or redemption/supremacy. |
8.III.27-8, 11.27 |
Cymry |
| byd wyneb-i-waered |
upside-down world |
mynegiant o drefn arferol neu naturiol y byd yn cael ei gwrthdroi. |
an expression of the natural or usual order of things being overturned. |
|
|
| caethion / carcharu |
unfree people / imprisonment |
pobl sy'n llafurio dan awdurdod (Seisnig) llym, neu rai a garcharwyd (gan y Saeson). |
people in servitude or imprisoned, often to/by the English. |
8.III.13-22, 8.IV.13-22, 10.19-20, 10.46 |
gwystlon |
| cnydau'n methu |
crop failure |
arwydd o galedi, a gysylltir weithiau â thywydd neu hinsawdd anffafriol. |
a cause of hardship, and sometimes associated explicitly with adverse weather or climate. |
9.I.3-13, 9.II.12-13, 9.III.3-13 |
prinder bwyd |
| coed |
trees / woods |
gallent roi lloches i Fyrddin neu i'r Cymry; yn bwysig hefyd fel adnodd ac wrth ddangos newid tymhorau. |
they may provide a place of refuge for Merlin or the Welsh people generally; also important as a resource and as a marker of the seasons. |
8.I.10-11, 8.II.9-10, 9.I.5-12, 9.III.5-12, 10.1-4 |
|
| coron |
crown |
yn cynrychioli sofraniaeth dros Loegr a Chymru. |
the crown, representing sovereignty over England and Wales. |
|
|
| crefydd (cyflwr) |
religion (the state of) |
pryderon neu gwynion am gyflwr crefydd yn y wlad, am grefyddwyr, neu am newidiadau crefyddol. |
concerns about the state of organised religion, about people in holy orders, or about religious changes. |
8.IV.21, 10.8-16 |
|
| crefydd (ffydd / defosiwn) |
religion (faith / devotion) |
mynegiant o ffydd yng ngallu neu ragluniaeth Duw. |
expressions of faith in the power or providence of God. |
9.I.6, 9.II.6, 11.7 |
|
| crefydd (pechod) |
religion (sin) |
cyfeiriadau at bechod neu'r angen am benydio. |
references to sin or the need for penance. |
9.I.7-15, 9.II.12-15, 9.III.7-15, 11.20-29 |
|
| cyfraith a threfn |
law and order |
fel arfer yng nghyswllt deddfau anghyfiawn neu gosbau llym. |
generally in relation to unjust laws or overly harsh punishments. |
8.I.10-11, 8.II.9-10, 11.11-19 |
|
| Cymry |
Welsh people |
fe'u crybwyllir fel arfer yng nghyd-destun gormes neu waredigaeth/uchafiaeth. |
often in context of either oppression or redemption/supremacy. |
8.IV.27-28 |
Brythoniaid |
| cynghrair |
alliance |
cynghrair rhwng y Cymry a phobl Iwerddon, Sgandinafia neu wledydd eraill, yn erbyn y Saeson. |
alliance between the Welsh people and those of Ireland, Scandinavia or other lands, against the English. |
|
Gwyddelod |
| cynnen yn y teulu |
family strife |
anghydfod rhwng aelodau o'r un teulu, megis tadau a meibion. |
discord between family members, for example between fathers and sons. |
|
|
| dillad ac esgidiau |
clothing and shoes |
yng nghyd-destun gwariant, neu feirniadaeth ar ffasiynau penodol. |
in context of expense, or disapproval of particular fashions. |
|
|
| Dydd y Farn |
Judgement Day |
fel achlysur barnu'r dynolryw, ac fel diwrnod olaf hanes y ddaear. |
as a day of divine judgement over humanity, and the last day of human history on earth. |
11.11 |
|
| gorchfygu |
conquest |
|
|
8.III.21, 10.46-8 |
|
| gwaredigaeth |
redemption |
gwaredigaeth neu goruchafiaeth i'r Cymry neu'r Brythoniaid. |
redemption or supremacy for the Welsh or the Britons. |
8.III.27-28, 8.IV.27-28 |
gwaredwr / mab darogan |
| gwaredwr / mab darogan |
a redeemer / son of prophecy |
yr un a ddaw â gwaredigaeth neu oruchafiaith i'r Cymry neu'r Brythoniaid, ar draul y Saeson fel arfer. |
the one who will bring about deliverance or supremacy for the Welsh or the Britons, generally at the expense of the English. |
8.I.20, 8.III.18-21, 8.IV.18-20, 10.22-41, 11.5-29 |
|
| Gwyddelod |
|
fe'i darlunnir yn aml yn gynghreiriaid i'r Cymry neu'r Brythoniaid. |
Irish people, often as allies of the Welsh or Britons. |
|
cynghrair |
| gwystlon |
hostages |
people captured to ensure the cooperation or obedience of others, especially in time of war. |
pobl a gipiwyd i sicrhau cydweithrediad neu ufudd-dod eraill, yn enwedig adeg rhyfel. |
8.III.19, 8.IV.19 |
caethion / carcharu |
| heddwch |
peace |
fe'i cysylltir yn aml â'r gwynfyd a ddaw ar ôl dyfodiad y gwaredwr / mab darogan. |
often associated with the good times after the coming of the redeemer / son of prophecy. |
8.III.23, 8.IV.23 |
|
| helaethder |
abundance |
mewn perthynas â chnydau, bwyd, ayb.; fe'i cysylltir yn aml â'r oes aur heddychlon ar ôl dyfodiad y mab darogan. |
abundance of crops, food, etc., often associated with the peaceful golden age after the coming of the son of prophecy. |
8.III.23-26, 8.IV.24-26 |
tywydd/hinsawdd da |
| Lloegr |
|
|
England |
|
|
| llongau / llynges |
ships / a fleet |
cyfeirir atynt yn aml fel dull o ddod â milwyr neu arweinydd milwrol dros y môr. |
often as a means of bringing soldiers or military leaders over the sea. |
8.I.18, 8.II.7 |
|
| Llychlynwyr |
|
cyfeirir at Lychlynwyr, neu Ddaniaid yn benodol, naill ai fel cynghreiriaid neu fel gelynion. |
Scandinavians, especially of Danish origin, either as enemies or allies. |
|
cynghrair |
| mynydd |
|
mynydd neu fynydd-dir; fe'i darlunnir yn gadarnle neu'n lloches i'r Cymry yn aml. |
mountain-land, often representing a stronghold or place of refuge for the Welsh people. |
|
|
| olwyn ffawd |
wheel of fortune |
symbol o ffawd gyfnewidiol, a'r bobl ffyniannus ar frig yr olwyn yn cael eu dymchwel i drallod maes o law, a'r bobl ar y gwaelod yn cael eu dyrchafu. |
a symbol of changing fate, with the flourishing individuals at the top of the wheel being cast down in due course, and vice versa for the unfortunates at the bottom of the wheel. |
8.I.16-17, 8.II.13-16 |
|
| olyniaeth |
succession |
rhestru llywodraethwyr, neu gyfeirio atynt yng nghyd-destun olyniaeth. |
rulers presented in sequence or in the context of one succeeding another. |
|
|
| pontydd |
|
codi pont ar draws afon benodol. |
a bridge being set up over a specific river. |
|
|
| prinder bwyd |
scarcity of food |
|
|
8.III.10, 8.IV.10 |
cnydau'n methu |
| Saeson (gormes/twyll) |
English people (oppression/deceit) |
fel arfer fel hen elynion y Cymry, y sawl a gipiodd dir a sofraniaeth yn anghyfiawn. |
often envisaged as historical adversaries of the Welsh and usurpers of land and sovereignty. |
|
Saeson (gwae) |
| Saeson (gwae) |
English people (woe) |
gwae neu orchfygiad i'r Saeson, fel arfer yn gysylltiedig â gwaredigaeth neu oruchafiaeth i'r Cymry. |
defeat or woe for the English, generally associated with salvation or supremacy for the Welsh. |
8.III.29-30, 8.IV.29-30, 11.26 |
Saeson (gormes/twyll) |
| trethi |
taxes |
cwynir amdanynt am eu bod yn ormodol neu'n anghyfiawn. |
as subject of complaint, as being unjust or excessive. |
8.I.5, 8.III.12 |
|
| tywydd/hinsawdd da |
weather/climate (good) |
fe'i cysylltir yn aml â helaethder cnydau ayb. |
favourable weather or climate; often associated with a flourishing of crops, etc. |
8.III.23, 8.IV.24 |
helaethder |
| tywydd/hinsawdd drwg |
weather/climate (bad) |
fe'i cysylltir â methiant cnydau yn aml. |
often associated with crop failure. |
|
cnydau'n methu |
| ysbeilio |
plunder |
dwyn eiddo, fel arfer fel testun cwyno (ond nid pob tro). |
the carrying away of property, generally (but not always) as a topic of complaint. |
8.I.7, 8.II.6, 10.32-41 |
|
